idroot – linux tutorial and troubelshooting

How To Install HandBrake on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS

In this tutorial we will show you how to install HandBrake on your Ubuntu 18.04 LTS. For those of you who didn’t know, HandBrake is a popular video transcoding tool that will convert video files into numerous different video and audio formats so they can be used on a number of supported devices.

This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account, if not you may need to add ‘sudo’ to the commands to get root privileges. I will show you through the step by step installation HandBrake open source video transcoder on Ubuntu 18.04 Bionic Beaver server.

HandBrake Features

Convert Video from any format.
Built-in device presets e.g. iPhone, iPad, AppleTV, Android etc.
Ability to process DVD and BlueRay sources.
File Containers: .MP4(.M4V) and .MKV.
Video Encoders: H.264(x264), H.265(x265) MPEG-4 and MPEG-2 (libav), VP8 (libvpx) and Theora.
Audio Encoders: AAC, CoreAudio AAC/HE-AAC (OS X Only), MP3, Flac, AC3, or Vorbis.
Audio Pass-thru: AC-3, DTS, DTS-HD, AAC and MP3 tracks.
Title / Chapter selection.
Subtitles (VobSub, Closed Captions CEA-608, SSA, SRT).
Video Filters: Deinterlacing, Decomb, Denoise, Detelecine, Deblock, Grayscale, Cropping and scaling.

Install HandBrake on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS Bionic Beaver

Step 1. First make sure that all your system packages are up-to-date by running these following apt-get commands in the terminal.

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

1 2	sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get upgrade

Step 2. Installing HandBrake.

First, you’ll need to add Handbrake’s PPA (personal package archive) to your system:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:stebbins/handbrake-releases

1	sudo add-apt-repository ppa:stebbins/handbrake-releases

Then run the commands below to update Ubuntu and install HandBrake:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install handbrake-gtk handbrake-cli

1 2	sudo apt update sudo apt install handbrake-gtk handbrake-cli

Once installed, next you can start HandBrake by searching for it Unity Dash. If the app icon doesn’t show up, try logging out and logging back in.

If you decide that you don’t want HandBrake apps installed anymore, run the commands below to remove the package:

sudo apt-get remove --autoremove handbrake-gtk handbrake-cli
sudo add-apt-repository --remove ppa:stebbins/handbrake-releases

1 2	sudo apt-get remove --autoremove handbrake-gtk handbrake-cli sudo add-apt-repository --remove ppa:stebbins/handbrake-releases

Congratulations! You have successfully installed HandBrake. Thanks for using this tutorial for installing HandBrake open source video transcoder in Ubuntu 18.04 Bionic Beaver systems. For additional help or useful information, we recommend you to check the official HandBrake web site.

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How To Install Yarn on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS

In this tutorial we will show you how to install Yarn on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS. For those of you who didn’t know,Yarn is an advanced package management software for Node.js applications. It is a fast, secure, and reliable alternative that any other Nodejs package manager’s.

This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account, if not you may need to add ‘sudo’ to the commands to get root privileges. I will show you through the step by step installation R open source programming language on an Ubuntu 18.04 Bionic Beaver server.

Install Yarn on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS Bionic Beaver

Step 1. First make sure that all your system packages are up-to-date by running these following apt-get commands in the terminal.

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

1 2	sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get upgrade

Step 2. Installing Yarn on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS.

First, Yarn repository and import the repository’s GPG key:

curl -sS https://dl.yarnpkg.com/debian/pubkey.gpg | sudo apt-key add -
echo "deb https://dl.yarnpkg.com/debian/ stable main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/yarn.list

1 2	curl -sS https://dl.yarnpkg.com/debian/pubkey.gpg \| sudo apt-key add - echo "deb https://dl.yarnpkg.com/debian/ stable main" \| sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/yarn.list

Next, update the package index and install Yarn using following command:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install yarn

1 2	sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install yarn

If using nvm you can avoid the node installation by doing:

sudo apt install --no-install-recommends yarn

1	sudo apt install --no-install-recommends yarn

Verify the installation:

yarn --version

1	yarn --version

Step 3. Using Yarn.

Create a new Yarn project use yarn init:

yarn init my_yarn_idroot

1	yarn init my_yarn_idroot

Adding dependency:

yarn add [package_name]

1	yarn add [package_name]

Upgrading dependency:

yarn upgrade [package_name]
yarn upgrade [package_name]@[version_or_tag]

1 2	yarn upgrade [package_name] yarn upgrade [package_name]@[version_or_tag]

Installing all project dependencies:

yarn

yarn

Congratulation’s! You have successfully installed Yarn. Thanks for using this tutorial for installing Yarn on your Ubuntu 18.04 LTS Bionic Beaver. For additional help or useful information, we recommend you to check the official Yarn web site.

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How To Install Joomla With Nginx on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS

In this tutorial we will show you how to install Joomla with Nginx on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS. For those of you who didn’t know, For those of you who didn’t know, Joomla is a free and open source popular content management that uses a PHP and a backend database, such as MySQL. It offers a wide variety of features that make it an incredibly flexible content management system right out of the box. Furthermore, there are hundreds of free extensions written for that allows users to extend its functionality and customize it to their own objectives. A major advantage of using a content management system (CMS) is that it requires almost no technical skill or knowledge to manage. if you are planning to publish content on your website frequently, then maybe using WordPress will be a better option for you.

This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account, if not you may need to add ‘sudo’ to the commands to get root privileges. I will show you through the step by step installation Joomla with Nginx on an Ubuntu 18.04 (Bionic Beaver) server.

Install Joomla With Nginx on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS Bionic Beaver

Step 1. First make sure that all your system packages are up-to-date by running these following apt-get commands in the terminal.

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

1 2	sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get upgrade

Step 2. Install LEMP (Linux, Apache, MariaDB, PHP) server.

A Ubuntu 18.04 LAMP server is required. If you do not have LAMP installed, you can follow our guide here. Also install all required PHP modules:

apt-get install php7.1-cli php7.1-gd php7.1-opcache php7.1-mysql php7.1-json php7.1-mcrypt php7.1-xml php7.1-curl

1	apt-get install php7.1-cli php7.1-gd php7.1-opcache php7.1-mysql php7.1-json php7.1-mcrypt php7.1-xml php7.1-curl

Step 3. Installing Joomla with Nginx on Ubuntu 18.04.

First thing to do is to go to Joomla’s download page and download the latest stable version of Joomla, At the moment of writing this article it is version 3.8.5:

wget https://downloads.joomla.org/us/cms/joomla3/3-8-12/Joomla_3-8-12-Stable-Full_Package.zip
mkdir /var/www/html/joomla
unzip Joomla*.zip -d /var/www/html/joomla

wget https://downloads.joomla.org/us/cms/joomla3/3-8-12/Joomla_3-8-12-Stable-Full_Package.zip

mkdir /var/www/html/joomla

unzip Joomla*.zip -d /var/www/html/joomla

We will need to change some folders permissions:

chown -R www-data.www-data /var/www/html
chmod -R 755 /var/www/html

1 2	chown -R www-data.www-data /var/www/html chmod -R 755 /var/www/html

Step 4. Configuring MariaDB for Joomla.

By default, MariaDB is not hardened. You can secure MariaDB using the mysql_secure_installation script. You should read and below each steps carefully which will set root password, remove anonymous users, disallow remote root login, and remove the test database and access to secure MariaDB.

mysql_secure_installation

1	mysql_secure_installation

Configure it like this:

- Set root password? [Y/n] y
- Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y
- Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y
- Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y
- Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y

- Set root password? [Y/n] y

- Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y

- Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y

- Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y

- Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y

Next we will need to log in to the MariaDB console and create a database for the Joomla. Run the following command:

mysql -u root -p

1	mysql -u root -p

This will prompt you for a password, so enter your MariaDB root password and hit Enter. Once you are logged in to your database server you need to create a database for Joomla installation:

CREATE DATABASE joomladb;
CREATE USER joomlauser@localhost;
SET PASSWORD FOR 'joomlauser'@'localhost' = PASSWORD("your-password");
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON joomladb.* TO 'joomlauser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'your-password' WITH GRANT OPTION;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
quit

CREATE DATABASE joomladb;

CREATE USER joomlauser@localhost;

SET PASSWORD FOR 'joomlauser'@'localhost' = PASSWORD("your-password");

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON joomladb.* TO 'joomlauser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'your-password' WITH GRANT OPTION;

FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

quit

Step 5. Configuring Nginx web server for Joomla.

Finally, configure Nginx site configuration file for Joomla. Run the commands below to create a new configuration file called joomla:

nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/joomla

1	nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/joomla

Add the following lines:

server {
    listen 80;
    listen [::]:80;
    root /var/www/html/joomla;
    index  index.php index.html index.htm;
    server_name  example.com www.example.com;

    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$args;        
    }

    location ~ \.php$ {
         include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
         fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.1-fpm.sock;
         fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
         include fastcgi_params;
    }

}

server {

listen 80;

listen [::]:80;

root /var/www/html/joomla;

index index.php index.html index.htm;

server_name example.com www.example.com;

location / {

try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$args;

}

location ~ \.php$ {

include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;

fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.1-fpm.sock;

fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;

include fastcgi_params;

}

After configuring the VirtualHost above, enable it by running the commands below:

ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/joomla /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/

1	ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/joomla /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/

Now, we can restart Apache web server so that the changes take place:

nginx -t
systemctl restart nginx
systemctl restart php7.1-fpm

nginx -t

systemctl restart nginx

systemctl restart php7.1-fpm

Step 6. Accessing Joomla.

Joomla will be available on HTTP port 80 by default. Open your favorite browser and navigate to http://yourdomain.com/ or http://server-ip and complete the required the steps to finish the installation. If you are using a firewall, please open port 80 to enable access to the control panel.

Congratulation’s! You have successfully installed Joomla. Thanks for using this tutorial for installing Joomla CMS (content management system) with Nginx on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS systems. For additional help or useful information, we recommend you to check the official Joomla web site.

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How To Install XAMPP on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS

In this tutorial we will show you how to install XAMPP on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS. For those of you who didn’t know, XAMPP is an open source software that provides users with an out-of-the-box server experience. It is a complex, yet very easy-to-use AMPP (Apache, MySQL, PHP and Perl) distribution that’s compatible with the Linux, Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X operating systems. The best tool for those who want to install a fully functional web development environment.

This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account, if not you may need to add ‘sudo’ to the commands to get root privileges. I will show you through the step by step installation XAMPP stack on a Ubuntu 18.04 (Bionic Beaver) server.

Features XAMPP

Regularly updated to the latest versions of Apache, MariaDB, PHP and Perl.
Supports other modules like OpenSSL, phpMyAdmin, MediaWiki, Joomla, WordPress etc.,
Tests the website designers and programmers work without Internet.
Secured package.
Allows creation and manipulation of databases in MariaDB and SQLite.

Install XAMPP on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS Bionic Beaver

Step 1. First make sure that all your system packages are up-to-date by running these following apt-get commands in the terminal.

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

1 2	sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get upgrade

Step 2. Installing XAMPPon Ubuntu 18.04 LTS.

The first step is to download script from official xampp and to add the code in a new .run file on your Ubuntu machine, wherever you’d like this:

wget https://www.apachefriends.org/xampp-files/7.2.9/xampp-linux-x64-7.2.9-0-installer.run

1	wget https://www.apachefriends.org/xampp-files/7.2.9/xampp-linux-x64-7.2.9-0-installer.run

Next, run the following command to make XAMPP executable:

chmod +x xampp-linux-x64-7.2.9-0-installer.run

1	chmod +x xampp-linux-x64-7.2.9-0-installer.run

Run the xampp-linux-x64-7.1.1-0-installer.run script and wait until xampp is fully installed:

./xampp-linux-x64-7.2.9-0-installer.run

1	./xampp-linux-x64-7.2.9-0-installer.run

That should start the XAMPP installation setup. Continue with the installation as you usually do:

Once the setup is finished, XAMPP should be available for its usage in your Desktop or open your browser and follow this link : http://localhost/dashboard/

Congratulation’s! You have successfully installed XAMPP. Thanks for using this tutorial for installing XAMPP stack on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS (Bionic Beaver) system. For additional help or useful information, we recommend you to check the official XAMPP web site.

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How To Install LEMP on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS

In this tutorial we will show you how to install LEMP on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS. For those of you who didn’t know, A LEMP software stack is a group of open source software that is typically installed together to enable a server to host dynamic websites and web apps. This term is actually an acronym which represents the Linux operating system, with the Nginx web server (which replaces the Apache component of a LAMP stack). The site data is stored in a MySQL database (using MariaDB), and dynamic content is processed by PHP.

This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account, if not you may need to add ‘sudo’ to the commands to get root privileges. I will show you through the step by step installation LEMP stack (Linux, Nginx, MariaDB and PHP) on an Ubuntu 18.04 Bionic Beaver server.

Install LEMP on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS Bionic Beaver

Step 1. First make sure that all your system packages are up-to-date by running these following apt-get commands in the terminal.

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

1 2	sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get upgrade

Step 2. Installing Nginx on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS.

Install Nginx with apt, which is the default package manager for Ubuntu:

sudo apt install nginx

1	sudo apt install nginx

Once installed, start Nginx service using the following command:

sudo systemctl start nginx

1	sudo systemctl start nginx

Now if you have your UFW firewall running, you will need to allow connections to Nginx:

sudo ufw allow 'Nginx HTTP'

1	sudo ufw allow 'Nginx HTTP'

You can verify that Nginx is really running by opening your favorite web browser and entering the URL http://your-domain.com, if it is installed, then you will see this:

To get Nginx to work with PHP correctly, we need to make changes to the Nginx configuration file. This guide we will be using a simple Nginx config file:

sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/default

1	sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/default

Copy the following into your text editor:

    server {
            listen       80;
            server_name  your_domain_name.com;
            root /usr/share/nginx/html;
            index index.php index.html;
            location / {
                    try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
            }
            error_page 404 /404.html;
            error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
            location = /50x.html {
                    root /var/www/html;
            }
            location ~ \.php$ {
                    try_files $uri =404;
                    fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php7.2-fpm.sock;
                    fastcgi_index index.php;
                    fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
                    include fastcgi_params;
            }
    }

server {

listen 80;

server_name your_domain_name.com;

root /usr/share/nginx/html;

index index.php index.html;

location / {

try_files $uri $uri/ =404;

}

error_page 404 /404.html;

error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;

location = /50x.html {

root /var/www/html;

}

location ~ \.php$ {

try_files $uri =404;

fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php7.2-fpm.sock;

fastcgi_index index.php;

fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;

include fastcgi_params;

}

Once you have finished editing the file restart Nginx with:

sudo nginx -t
sudo systemctl restart nginx

1 2	sudo nginx -t sudo systemctl restart nginx

Step 4. Installing MariaDB on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS.

To install MariaDB in Ubuntu 18.04 run the following command:

sudo apt install mariadb-server

1	sudo apt install mariadb-server

Once complete, you can verify MariaDB is installed by running the below command:

sudo systemctl status mariadb

1	sudo systemctl status mariadb

By default, MariaDB is not hardened. You can secure MariaDB using the mysql_secure_installation script. you should read and below each steps carefully which will set root password, remove anonymous users, disallow remote root login, and remove the test database and access to secure MariaDB:

mysql_secure_installation

1	mysql_secure_installation

Configure it like this:

- Set root password? [Y/n] y
- Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y
- Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y
- Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y
- Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y

- Set root password? [Y/n] y

- Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y

- Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y

- Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y

- Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y

To log into MariaDB, use the following command (note that it’s the same command you would use to log into a MariaDB database):

mysql -u root -p

1	mysql -u root -p

Step 5. Installing PHP and Configure PHP-FPM Settings.

Unlike Apache, Nginx does not contain native PHP processing. For that we have to install PHP-FPM (FastCGI Process Manager):

sudo apt install php-fpm php-mysql

1	sudo apt install php-fpm php-mysql

Once installed, check the PHP version:

php --version

1	php --version

Now open the PHP-FPM default file to edit the following content:

### nano /etc/php/7.2/fpm/php.ini
cgi.fix_pathinfo=0
date.timezone = Africa/Douala

### nano /etc/php/7.2/fpm/php.ini

cgi.fix_pathinfo=0

date.timezone = Africa/Douala

Save the file and restart php-fpm:

systemctl restart php7.2-fpm

1	systemctl restart php7.2-fpm

To test PHP, create a test file named info.php with he content below. Save the file, then browse to it to see if PHP is working:

nano /usr/share/nginx/html/info.php

1	nano /usr/share/nginx/html/info.php

Copy the following into your text editor:

<?php
phpinfo();
?>

<?php

phpinfo();

Try to access it at http://your_server_ip/info.php . If the PHP info page is rendered in your browser then everything looks good and you are ready to proceed further.

Congratulation’s! You have successfully installed LEMP stack. Thanks for using this tutorial for installing LAMP (Linux, Nginx, MySQL and PHP) in Ubuntu 18.04 LTS system. For additional help or useful information, we recommend you to check the official Nginx, MySQL and PHP web site.

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How To Install Ansible on CentOS 7

In this tutorial we will show you how to install Ansible on CentOS 7. For those of you who didn’t know, Ansible is a radically simple IT automation engine that simplifies cloud computing, configuration management, program setup, intra-service orchestration, and several other IT needs. Ansible uses a very simple language (YAML, in the form of Ansible Playbooks) that allow you to spell out your automation jobs in a way that means plain English. Using Ansible you can control multi host or device simultaneously using single command. You don’t need install client in apparatus or each server.

Install Ansible on CentOS 7

Step 1. First let’s start by ensuring your system is up-to-date.

yum clean all
yum install -y epel-release
yum -y update

yum clean all

yum install -y epel-release

yum -y update

Step 2. Installing Ansible on CentOS 7.

Method 1. Install Ansible from EPEL repository.

yum install ansible

1	yum install ansible

Check the version of Ansible that is installed:

ansible --version

1	ansible --version

Method 2. Install Ansible from Source.

First, Installation of all required prerequisites to perform Ansible compilation:

yum install make git make gcc python-devel libffi-devel openssl-devel epel-release python-sphinx

1	yum install make git make gcc python-devel libffi-devel openssl-devel epel-release python-sphinx

Next, install python package manager:

yum install python-pip
pip install --upgrade setuptools

1 2	yum install python-pip pip install --upgrade setuptools

Then, download the Ansible source code using git command:

git clone git://github.com/ansible/ansible.git
cd ansible

1 2	git clone git://github.com/ansible/ansible.git cd ansible

Select desired version:

git checkout stable-2.3

1	git checkout stable-2.3

Now check that Ansible is installed with the following command:

ansible --version

1	ansible --version

Congratulation’s! You have successfully installed Ansible. Thanks for using this tutorial for installing Ansible in CentOS 7 system. For additional help or useful information, we recommend you to check the official Ansible web site.

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How To Install R on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS

In this tutorial we will show you how to install R on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS. For those of you who didn’t know,R is a popular open source programming language, often use for graphical and statistical computing. It is supported by the R Foundation for Statistical Computing and mainly used by statisticians and data miners for developing statistical software and performing data analysis.

This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account, if not you may need to add ‘sudo’ to the commands to get root privileges. I will show you through the step by step installation R open source programming language on an Ubuntu 18.04 Bionic Beaver server.

Install R on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS Bionic Beaver

Step 1. First make sure that all your system packages are up-to-date by running these following apt-get commands in the terminal.

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

1 2	sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get upgrade

Step 2. Installing R on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS.

First, add GPG Keys with following command. GPG Keys maintain package consistency and authenticity by requiring that distributors sign packages with GPG key:

sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys E298A3A825C0D65DFD57CBB651716619E084DAB9

1	sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys E298A3A825C0D65DFD57CBB651716619E084DAB9

Next, add R official repository source:

sudo add-apt-repository 'deb https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/linux/ubuntu bionic-cran35/'

1	sudo add-apt-repository 'deb https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/linux/ubuntu bionic-cran35/'

Now we can install R using command:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt install r-base

1 2	sudo apt-get update sudo apt install r-base

To verify that the installation was successful run the following command which will print the R version:

R --version

1	R --version

Step 3. Installing R packages.

For installing a CRAN package in R we use install.pacakges() function. This command fetches package from specified repository and install on your computer:

### Example ###
install.packages("ggplot2")

1 2	### Example ### install.packages("ggplot2")

You can check whether a particular package is installed or not by using packageVersion function:

packageVersion("ggplot2")

1	packageVersion("ggplot2")

Congratulation’s! You have successfully installed R. Thanks for using this tutorial for installing R open source programming language on your Ubuntu 18.04 LTS Bionic Beaver. For additional help or useful information, we recommend you to check the official R web site.

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How To Install FFmpeg on CentOS 7

In this tutorial we will show you how to install FFmpeg on CentOS 7. For those of you who didn’t know, FFmpeg is a cross-platform solution for streaming audio and video as well as recording and conversion. There’s also a great PHP package called ffmpeg-php that allows for easy use of FFmpeg from inside PHP scripts. In this tutorial i will show you the easy way to install ffmpeg and ffmpeg-php (php extension).

Install FFmpeg on CentOS 7

Step 1. First let’s start by ensuring your system is up-to-date.

yum clean all
yum install -y epel-release
yum -y update

yum clean all

yum install -y epel-release

yum -y update

Step 2. Installing the Nux repository.

After enabling Epel repo, go ahead and install Nux Dextop repository:

sudo rpm --import http://li.nux.ro/download/nux/RPM-GPG-KEY-nux.ro
sudo rpm -Uvh http://li.nux.ro/download/nux/dextop/el7/x86_64/nux-dextop-release-0-5.el7.nux.noarch.rpm

1 2	sudo rpm --import http://li.nux.ro/download/nux/RPM-GPG-KEY-nux.ro sudo rpm -Uvh http://li.nux.ro/download/nux/dextop/el7/x86_64/nux-dextop-release-0-5.el7.nux.noarch.rpm

Step 3. Installing FFmpeg and FFmpeg development packages on CentOS 7.

Install ffmpeg and ffmpeg -devel packages:

yum install ffmpeg ffmpeg-devel -y

1	yum install ffmpeg ffmpeg-devel -y

To check for a installed ffmpeg version run:

ffmpeg -version

1	ffmpeg -version

This should result in something very similar to the following output:

[root@idroot.net ~]# ffmpeg -version ffmpeg -version
ffmpeg version 2.6.8 Copyright (c) 2000-2016 the FFmpeg developers
built with gcc 4.8.5 (GCC) 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-4)
configuration: --prefix=/usr --bindir=/usr/bin --datadir=/usr/share/ffmpeg --incdir=/usr/include/ffmpeg --libdir=/usr/lib64 --mandir=/usr/share/man --arch=x86_64 --optflags='-O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches -m64 -mtune=generic' --enable-bzlib --disable-crystalhd --enable-gnutls --enable-ladspa --enable-libass --enable-libcdio --enable-libdc1394 --enable-libfaac --enable-nonfree --enable-libfdk-aac --enable-nonfree --disable-indev=jack --enable-libfreetype --enable-libgsm --enable-libmp3lame --enable-openal --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-libopus --enable-libpulse --enable-libschroedinger --enable-libsoxr --enable-libspeex --enable-libtheora --enable-libvorbis --enable-libv4l2 --enable-libx264 --enable-libx265 --enable-libxvid --enable-x11grab --enable-avfilter --enable-avresample --enable-postproc --enable-pthreads --disable-static --enable-shared --enable-gpl --disable-debug --disable-stripping --shlibdir=/usr/lib64 --enable-runtime-cpudetect
libavutil 54. 20.100 / 54. 20.100
libavcodec 56. 26.100 / 56. 26.100
libavformat 56. 25.101 / 56. 25.101
libavdevice 56. 4.100 / 56. 4.100
libavfilter 5. 11.102 / 5. 11.102
libavresample 2. 1. 0 / 2. 1. 0
libswscale 3. 1.101 / 3. 1.101
libswresample 1. 1.100 / 1. 1.100
libpostproc 53. 3.100 / 53. 3.100

[root@idroot.net ~]# ffmpeg -version ffmpeg -version

built with gcc 4.8.5 (GCC) 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-4)

configuration: --prefix=/usr --bindir=/usr/bin --datadir=/usr/share/ffmpeg --incdir=/usr/include/ffmpeg --libdir=/usr/lib64 --mandir=/usr/share/man --arch=x86_64 --optflags='-O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches -m64 -mtune=generic' --enable-bzlib --disable-crystalhd --enable-gnutls --enable-ladspa --enable-libass --enable-libcdio --enable-libdc1394 --enable-libfaac --enable-nonfree --enable-libfdk-aac --enable-nonfree --disable-indev=jack --enable-libfreetype --enable-libgsm --enable-libmp3lame --enable-openal --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-libopus --enable-libpulse --enable-libschroedinger --enable-libsoxr --enable-libspeex --enable-libtheora --enable-libvorbis --enable-libv4l2 --enable-libx264 --enable-libx265 --enable-libxvid --enable-x11grab --enable-avfilter --enable-avresample --enable-postproc --enable-pthreads --disable-static --enable-shared --enable-gpl --disable-debug --disable-stripping --shlibdir=/usr/lib64 --enable-runtime-cpudetect

libavutil 54. 20.100 / 54. 20.100

libavcodec 56. 26.100 / 56. 26.100

libavformat 56. 25.101 / 56. 25.101

libavdevice 56. 4.100 / 56. 4.100

libavfilter 5. 11.102 / 5. 11.102

libavresample 2. 1. 0 / 2. 1. 0

libswscale 3. 1.101 / 3. 1.101

libswresample 1. 1.100 / 1. 1.100

libpostproc 53. 3.100 / 53. 3.100

If you want to learn more about FFmpeg, input:

ffmpeg -h

ffmpeg -h

Congratulation’s! You have successfully installed FFmpeg. Thanks for using this tutorial for installing FFmpeg in CentOS 7 system. For additional help or useful information, we recommend you to check the official FFmpeg web site.

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How To Install Backdrop CMS on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS

In this tutorial we will show you how to install Backdrop CMS on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS. For those of you who didn’t know, Backdrop CMS is a full-featured content management system that allows non-technical users to manage a wide variety of content. It can be used to create all kinds of websites including blogs, image galleries, social networks, intranets, and more.

This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account, if not you may need to add ‘sudo’ to the commands to get root privileges. I will show you through the step by step installation Backdrop CMS on an Ubuntu 18.04 Bionic Beaver server.

Install Backdrop CMS on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS Bionic Beaver

Step 1. First make sure that all your system packages are up-to-date by running these following apt-get commands in the terminal.

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

1 2	sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get upgrade

Step 2. Install LAMP (Linux, Apache, MariaDB and PHP) server.

A Ubuntu 18.04 LAMP server is required. If you do not have LAMP installed, you can follow our guide here. Also install all required PHP modules:

apt-get install php7.1-cli php7.1-mbstring php7.1-gd php7.1-opcache php7.1-mysql php7.1-json php7.1-mcrypt php7.1-xml php7.1-curl

1	apt-get install php7.1-cli php7.1-mbstring php7.1-gd php7.1-opcache php7.1-mysql php7.1-json php7.1-mcrypt php7.1-xml php7.1-curl

Step 3. Installing Backdrop CMS on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS.

First thing to do is to go to Backdrop CMS’s download page and download the latest stable version of Backdrop CMS, At the moment of writing this article it is version v1.10.1:

wget https://github.com/backdrop/backdrop/releases/download/1.10.1/backdrop.zip

1	wget https://github.com/backdrop/backdrop/releases/download/1.10.1/backdrop.zip

Unpack the Backdrop archive to the document root directory on your server:

unzip backdrop.zip
mkdir -p /var/www/html
mv backdrop /var/www/html

unzip backdrop.zip

mkdir -p /var/www/html

mv backdrop /var/www/html

We will need to change some folders permissions:

chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html/backdrop/

1	chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html/backdrop/

Step 4. Configuring MariaDB for Backdrop CMS.

mysql_secure_installation

1	mysql_secure_installation

Configure it like this:

- Set root password? [Y/n] y
- Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y
- Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y
- Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y
- Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y

- Set root password? [Y/n] y

- Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y

- Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y

- Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y

- Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y

Next we will need to log in to the MariaDB console and create a database for the Backdrop CMS. Run the following command:

mysql -u root -p

1	mysql -u root -p

This will prompt you for a password, so enter your MariaDB root password and hit Enter. Once you are logged in to your database server you need to create a database for Backdrop CMS installation:

MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE backdropdb character set UTF8;
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON mahara.* TO 'backdropuser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'your-password';
MariaDB [(none)]> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
MariaDB [(none)]> \q

MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE backdropdb character set UTF8;

MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON mahara.* TO 'backdropuser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'your-password';

MariaDB [(none)]> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

MariaDB [(none)]> \q

Step 5. Configuring Apache web server for Backdrop CMS.

Create a new virtual host directive in Apache. For example, create a new Apache configuration file named ‘backdrop.conf’ on your virtual server:

touch /etc/apache2/sites-available/backdrop.conf
ln -s /etc/apache2/sites-available/backdrop.conf /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/backdrop.conf
nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/backdrop.conf

touch /etc/apache2/sites-available/backdrop.conf

ln -s /etc/apache2/sites-available/backdrop.conf /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/backdrop.conf

nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/backdrop.conf

Add the following lines:

<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerAdmin admin@yourdomain.com
DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/backdrop/"
ServerName your-domain.com
ServerAlias www.your-domain.com
<Directory "/var/www/html/backdrop/">
Options FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride All
Order allow,deny
allow from all
</Directory>
ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/your-domain.com-error_log
CustomLog /var/log/apache2/your-domain.com-access_log common
</VirtualHost>

ServerAdmin admin@yourdomain.com

DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/backdrop/"

ServerName your-domain.com

ServerAlias www.your-domain.com

Options FollowSymLinks

AllowOverride All

Order allow,deny

allow from all

</Directory>

ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/your-domain.com-error_log

CustomLog /var/log/apache2/your-domain.com-access_log common

</VirtualHost>

Now, we can restart Apache web server so that the changes take place:

sudo a2enmod rewrite
a2ensite backdrop.conf
systemctl restart apache2.service

sudo a2enmod rewrite

a2ensite backdrop.conf

systemctl restart apache2.service

Step 6. Accessing Backdrop content management system.

Backdrop CMS will be available on HTTP port 80 by default. Open your favorite browser and navigate to http://yourdomain.com or http://server-ip and complete the required the steps to finish the installation. If you are using a firewall, please open port 80 to enable access to the control panel.

Congratulation’s! You have successfully installed Backdrop CMS. Thanks for using this tutorial for installing Backdrop CMS (content management system) on your Ubuntu 18.04 LTS (Bionic Beaver) system. For additional help or useful information, we recommend you to check the official Backdrop CMS web site.

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How To Install Chromium on CentOS 7

In this tutorial we will show you how to install Chromium on CentOS 7. For those of you who didn’t know, The Chromium project covers two utilities such as Chromium and Chromium OS, which are the open source projects of the Google Chrome browser and Google Chrome OS. Chromium has been developed as an open-source browser project whose critical mission is to offer a more secure, faster and more stable way to navigate the web where threats are constant at every minute.

Install Chromium on CentOS 7

Step 1. First let’s start by ensuring your system is up-to-date.

yum clean all
yum install -y epel-release
yum -y update

yum clean all

yum install -y epel-release

yum -y update

Step 2. Installing Chromium on CentOS 7.

To install Chromium on CentOS 7, just do it with yum install command:

yum install -y chromium

1	yum install -y chromium

Step 3. Accessing Google Chrome Web Browser.

Once the installation of Chromium browser is complete you can start Chromium from GNU applications menu or from a command line terminal by executing a following command:

chromium

chromium

Congratulation’s! You have successfully installed Chromium. Thanks for using this tutorial for installing Chromium web browser in CentOS 7 system. For additional help or useful information, we recommend you to check the official Chromium web site.

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