How To Install Magento on CentOS Stream 10

In this tutorial, we will show you how to install Magento on CentOS Stream 10. Magento stands as one of the most powerful and flexible e-commerce platforms available today, powering thousands of online stores worldwide. Setting up Magento on CentOS Stream 10 provides a robust and stable foundation for your e-commerce business. This comprehensive guide walks you through the complete installation process, from preparing your server environment to post-installation configuration and troubleshooting.

Whether you’re a developer, system administrator, or store owner looking to set up your own Magento instance, this step-by-step tutorial will guide you through every aspect of the installation process on CentOS Stream 10. By following these instructions carefully, you’ll have a fully functional Magento store ready for customization and business use.

System Requirements for Magento

Before beginning the installation process, it’s essential to understand the hardware and software requirements for running Magento 2.4.6 effectively on CentOS Stream 10.

Hardware Recommendations

For optimal performance, your server should meet or exceed these specifications:

• CPU: Minimum 2-4 cores for development, 4-8 cores recommended for production
• RAM: At least 4GB for development, 8GB or more recommended for production environments
• Storage: Minimum 20GB SSD storage, with additional space for product data, media, and backups

Software Prerequisites

Magento 2.4.6 requires the following software components:

• Apache 2.4 or higher with mod_rewrite and mod_version enabled
• PHP 8.1 or 8.2 (we’ll use 8.2 in this guide)
• MySQL 8.0 or MariaDB 10.4+
• Elasticsearch 7.17 or OpenSearch 1.2+ for catalog search functionality
• Composer 2.x for dependency management

Preparing CentOS Stream 10 Environment

The first step is to prepare your CentOS Stream 10 system for Magento installation. We’ll update the system, install essential utilities, and configure proper user permissions.

Updating System Packages

Begin by updating all system packages to the latest versions:

sudo dnf update -y

Installing Essential Tools

Install the required utilities that will be needed throughout the installation process:

sudo dnf install -y wget unzip git nano epel-release

Setting Up User and Permissions

For security purposes, it’s recommended to create a dedicated user for running Magento rather than using the root account:

sudo useradd -m -U -r -d /opt/magento magento
sudo usermod -aG wheel magento

Configuring SELinux

CentOS Stream 10 comes with SELinux enabled by default. To ensure Magento functions properly, configure SELinux appropriately:

sudo setsebool -P httpd_can_network_connect 1
sudo setsebool -P httpd_can_network_connect_db 1
sudo setsebool -P httpd_execmem 1
sudo setsebool -P httpd_use_nfs 1

For a development environment, you might consider setting SELinux to permissive mode:

sudo setenforce 0

To make this change permanent, edit the SELinux configuration file:

sudo nano /etc/selinux/config

Change SELINUX=enforcing to SELINUX=permissive

Firewall Configuration

Configure the firewall to allow web traffic:

sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=http
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=https
sudo firewall-cmd --reload

Installing and Configuring Apache Web Server

Apache is the recommended web server for Magento installations. Let’s install and configure it properly for optimal performance.

Installing Apache

sudo dnf install -y httpd

Enabling Required Modules

Ensure that essential Apache modules are enabled:

sudo dnf install -y mod_ssl

The rewrite module should be enabled by default. Verify with:

apachectl -M | grep rewrite

Configuring Virtual Host

Create a virtual host configuration for your Magento site:

sudo nano /etc/httpd/conf.d/magento.conf

Add the following configuration, replacing yourdomain.com with your actual domain name:

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName yourdomain.com
    ServerAlias www.yourdomain.com
    DocumentRoot /var/www/html/magento
    
    <Directory /var/www/html/magento>
        Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
        AllowOverride All
        Require all granted
    </Directory>
    
    ErrorLog /var/log/httpd/magento_error.log
    CustomLog /var/log/httpd/magento_access.log combined
</VirtualHost>

Setting Up Document Root

Create the document root directory and set appropriate permissions:

sudo mkdir -p /var/www/html/magento
sudo chown -R magento:apache /var/www/html/magento
sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www/html/magento

Starting and Enabling Apache

Start the Apache service and enable it to run at startup:

sudo systemctl start httpd
sudo systemctl enable httpd
sudo systemctl status httpd

Installing and Configuring PHP 8.2

Magento 2.4.6 requires PHP 8.1 or 8.2. Let’s install PHP 8.2 and all required extensions.

Adding PHP Repository

CentOS Stream 10 may not have PHP 8.2 in its default repositories. Add the Remi repository:

sudo dnf install -y https://rpms.remirepo.net/enterprise/remi-release-10.rpm

Installing PHP and Extensions

Enable the PHP 8.2 module and install PHP with all required extensions:

sudo dnf module reset php
sudo dnf module enable php:remi-8.2
sudo dnf install -y php php-cli php-common php-fpm php-mysqlnd php-zip php-gd php-mcrypt php-mbstring php-xml php-json php-bcmath php-soap php-intl php-sockets php-curl php-opcache php-sodium

Configuring PHP Settings

Adjust PHP settings for optimal Magento performance:

sudo nano /etc/php.ini

Modify the following settings:

memory_limit = 2G
max_execution_time = 1800
zlib.output_compression = On
max_input_vars = 10000
upload_max_filesize = 64M
post_max_size = 64M
date.timezone = America/New_York

Be sure to replace the timezone with your correct region

Configuring PHP-FPM

If you’re using PHP-FPM, configure it appropriately:

sudo nano /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf

Ensure these settings are properly configured:

user = apache
group = apache
listen = /var/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.sock
listen.owner = apache
listen.group = apache
listen.mode = 0660

Start and enable PHP-FPM:

sudo systemctl start php-fpm
sudo systemctl enable php-fpm

Configuring OPcache

For improved performance, configure PHP OPcache:

sudo nano /etc/php.d/10-opcache.ini

Add or modify these settings:

opcache.enable = 1
opcache.enable_cli = 1
opcache.memory_consumption = 256
opcache.max_accelerated_files = 32531
opcache.interned_strings_buffer = 32
opcache.validate_timestamps = 0
opcache.save_comments = 1
opcache.enable_file_override = 1

Restart PHP-FPM to apply changes:

sudo systemctl restart php-fpm

Setting Up MySQL 8.0 Database

Magento requires a properly configured MySQL database. Let’s install and set it up.

Installing MySQL

sudo dnf install -y mysql-server

Starting and Securing MySQL

Start MySQL and enable it to run at startup:

sudo systemctl start mysqld
sudo systemctl enable mysqld

Secure the MySQL installation:

sudo mysql_secure_installation

Follow the prompts to set a root password, remove anonymous users, disallow root login remotely, remove test database, and reload privilege tables

Creating Database and User for Magento

Log in to MySQL:

sudo mysql -u root -p

Create a database and user for Magento:

CREATE DATABASE magento;
CREATE USER 'magentouser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'StrongPassword';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON magento.* TO 'magentouser'@'localhost';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
EXIT;

Replace ‘StrongPassword’ with a secure password of your choice.

Optimizing MySQL for Magento

Edit the MySQL configuration:

sudo nano /etc/my.cnf

Add these settings under the [mysqld] section:

innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1G
innodb_log_file_size = 256M
max_allowed_packet = 64M
wait_timeout = 28800
interactive_timeout = 28800

Restart MySQL to apply changes:

sudo systemctl restart mysqld

Installing Composer for Magento

Composer is required to install Magento and manage its dependencies.

Installing Composer

curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | sudo php -- --install-dir=/usr/local/bin --filename=composer

Verify the installation:

composer --version

Configuring Memory Limits

To prevent memory limit issues during Magento installation, increase Composer’s memory limit:

sudo nano /etc/php.ini

Ensure this setting is present:

memory_limit = 2G

Setting Up Magento Authentication

To download Magento, you’ll need authentication keys from the Magento Marketplace. Create an account at marketplace.magento.com and generate access keys from your account section

Add your authentication keys to Composer’s global configuration:

composer global config http-basic.repo.magento.com <public_key> <private_key>

Replace <public_key> and <private_key> with your actual Magento Marketplace keys.

Installing and Configuring Elasticsearch 7.17

Elasticsearch is required for Magento’s catalog search functionality.

Installing Java

Elasticsearch requires Java:

sudo dnf install -y java-11-openjdk

Installing Elasticsearch

Add the Elasticsearch repository:

sudo rpm --import https://artifacts.elastic.co/GPG-KEY-elasticsearch

Create the repository file:

sudo nano /etc/yum.repos.d/elasticsearch.repo

Add these lines:

[elasticsearch]
name=Elasticsearch repository for 7.x packages
baseurl=https://artifacts.elastic.co/packages/7.x/yum
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://artifacts.elastic.co/GPG-KEY-elasticsearch
enabled=1
autorefresh=1
type=rpm-md

Install Elasticsearch:

sudo dnf install -y elasticsearch

Configuring Elasticsearch

Edit the Elasticsearch configuration:

sudo nano /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml

Update these settings:

cluster.name: magento
node.name: magento-node1
network.host: 127.0.0.1
http.port: 9200
discovery.type: single-node

Setting Memory Limits

Configure JVM heap size:

sudo nano /etc/elasticsearch/jvm.options

Set appropriate values based on your server’s available memory:

-Xms512m
-Xmx512m

Starting and Enabling Elasticsearch

sudo systemctl start elasticsearch
sudo systemctl enable elasticsearch

Verify Elasticsearch is running:

curl -X GET "localhost:9200/"

Securing Your Server Environment

Before installing Magento, let’s implement some basic security measures.

Creating Self-Signed SSL Certificate

For development purposes, you can use a self-signed SSL certificate:

sudo openssl req -x509 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout /etc/pki/tls/private/magento.key -out /etc/pki/tls/certs/magento.crt

Configuring Apache for HTTPS

Update your virtual host configuration to support HTTPS:

sudo nano /etc/httpd/conf.d/magento.conf

Add this configuration:

<VirtualHost *:443>
    ServerName yourdomain.com
    ServerAlias www.yourdomain.com
    DocumentRoot /var/www/html/magento
    
    SSLEngine on
    SSLCertificateFile /etc/pki/tls/certs/magento.crt
    SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/pki/tls/private/magento.key
    
    <Directory /var/www/html/magento>
        Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
        AllowOverride All
        Require all granted
    </Directory>
    
    ErrorLog /var/log/httpd/magento_error.log
    CustomLog /var/log/httpd/magento_access.log combined
</VirtualHost>

Restart Apache:

sudo systemctl restart httpd

Setting Proper File Permissions

Ensure secure file permissions for your Magento installation:

cd /var/www/html/magento
find var generated vendor pub/static pub/media app/etc -type f -exec chmod g+w {} \;
find var generated vendor pub/static pub/media app/etc -type d -exec chmod g+ws {} \;
chown -R magento:apache .
chmod u+x bin/magento

Downloading and Installing Magento 2.4.6

Now we’re ready to download and install Magento.

Downloading Magento via Composer

Switch to the magento user:

sudo su - magento

Navigate to the document root:

cd /var/www/html/magento

Download Magento using Composer:

composer create-project --repository-url=https://repo.magento.com/ magento/project-community-edition=2.4.6 .

When prompted, enter your Magento Marketplace authentication keys

Setting File Permissions

Apply proper file permissions:

find var generated vendor pub/static pub/media app/etc -type f -exec chmod g+w {} \;
find var generated vendor pub/static pub/media app/etc -type d -exec chmod g+ws {} \;
chmod u+x bin/magento

Running the Installation Command

Install Magento with the command-line installer:

bin/magento setup:install \
--base-url=https://yourdomain.com \
--db-host=localhost \
--db-name=magento \
--db-user=magentouser \
--db-password=StrongPassword \
--admin-firstname=Admin \
--admin-lastname=User \
--admin-email=admin@yourdomain.com \
--admin-user=admin \
--admin-password=AdminPassword123 \
--language=en_US \
--currency=USD \
--timezone=America/New_York \
--use-rewrites=1 \
--search-engine=elasticsearch7 \
--elasticsearch-host=localhost \
--elasticsearch-port=9200

Replace the placeholder values with your actual configuration details

Verifying Installation

After the installation completes, verify that Magento is working by accessing your domain in a web browser. You should see the Magento storefront.

Access the admin panel by navigating to the admin URL specified during installation (default is /admin).

Post-Installation Configuration

After successfully installing Magento, perform these essential configuration tasks.

Accessing the Admin Panel

Navigate to your admin URL (e.g., https://yourdomain.com/admin) and log in with the credentials you set during installation.

Setting Up Cron Jobs

Magento requires several cron jobs for proper operation:

sudo su - magento
crontab -e

Add these lines:

* * * * * /usr/bin/php /var/www/html/magento/bin/magento cron:run | grep -v "Ran jobs by schedule" >> /var/www/html/magento/var/log/magento.cron.log
* * * * * /usr/bin/php /var/www/html/magento/update/cron.php >> /var/www/html/magento/var/log/update.cron.log
* * * * * /usr/bin/php /var/www/html/magento/bin/magento setup:cron:run >> /var/www/html/magento/var/log/setup.cron.log

Configuring Cache Management

In the Magento admin panel, navigate to System > Cache Management and refresh all cache types.

For improved performance, consider enabling Redis for cache storage:

sudo dnf install -y redis
sudo systemctl start redis
sudo systemctl enable redis

Edit the Magento environment configuration:

sudo nano /var/www/html/magento/app/etc/env.php

Add Redis cache configuration according to Magento documentation.

Setting Up Indexers

Run the indexer:

bin/magento indexer:reindex

Configure indexers to update on schedule:

bin/magento indexer:set-mode schedule

Configuring Email Settings

In the admin panel, navigate to Stores > Configuration > Advanced > System > Mail Sending Settings to configure your email settings.

Setting Up Backup Procedures

Configure regular backups of your database and file system:

sudo nano /etc/cron.d/magento-backup

Add a weekly backup schedule:

0 2 * * 0 magento /usr/bin/php /var/www/html/magento/bin/magento setup:backup --db --media --code

Troubleshooting Common Installation Issues

Even with careful preparation, you might encounter issues during the installation. Here are solutions to common problems.

Permission-Related Problems

If you encounter permission errors, verify and fix permissions:

sudo chown -R magento:apache /var/www/html/magento
sudo find /var/www/html/magento -type f -exec chmod 644 {} \;
sudo find /var/www/html/magento -type d -exec chmod 755 {} \;
sudo chmod -R g+w /var/www/html/magento/var
sudo chmod -R g+w /var/www/html/magento/pub
sudo chmod -R g+w /var/www/html/magento/app/etc
sudo chmod -R g+w /var/www/html/magento/generated

Database Connection Issues

If you experience database connection problems:

• Verify database credentials in app/etc/env.php
• Ensure the MySQL service is running
• Check that the database user has proper permissions

Web Server Configuration Errors

For Apache issues:

• Verify that mod_rewrite is enabled
• Check that the virtual host configuration is correct
• Ensure .htaccess files are properly configured

PHP Extension Problems

If PHP extensions are missing:

sudo dnf install -y php-bcmath php-intl php-soap php-xml php-xsl php-gd php-curl php-mbstring php-zip
sudo systemctl restart php-fpm

Memory Limit Issues

For memory-related errors, increase PHP memory limits:

sudo nano /etc/php.ini

Adjust these settings:

memory_limit = 2G
max_execution_time = 1800

Elasticsearch Connection Problems

If Magento can’t connect to Elasticsearch:

• Verify Elasticsearch is running: sudo systemctl status elasticsearch
• Check connectivity: curl -X GET "localhost:9200/"
• Ensure Magento is configured to use the correct Elasticsearch host and port

Congratulations! You have successfully installed Magento. Thanks for using this tutorial for installing Magento e-commerce on your CentOS Stream 10 system. For additional help or useful information, we recommend you check the official Magento website.