How To Install VNC Server on Ubuntu 22.04 LTS

In this tutorial, we will show you how to install a VNC server on Ubuntu 22.04 LTS. Virtual Network Computing (VNC) is a powerful tool that allows users to remotely access and control a computer’s desktop environment from another device. By installing a VNC server on your Ubuntu 22.04 LTS machine, you can enjoy the benefits of remote access, such as managing your files, running applications, and troubleshooting issues from anywhere with an internet connection.

This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account, if not you may need to add ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root privileges. I will show you the step-by-step installation of the VNC server on Ubuntu 22.04 (Jammy Jellyfish). You can follow the same instructions for Ubuntu 22.04 and any other Debian-based distribution like Linux Mint, Elementary OS, Pop!_OS, and more as well.

Prerequisites

• A server running one of the following operating systems: Ubuntu 22.04, 20.04, and any other Debian-based distribution like Linux Mint.
• It’s recommended that you use a fresh OS install to prevent any potential issues.
• SSH access to the server (or just open Terminal if you’re on a desktop).
• A stable internet connection is crucial for downloading and installing packages. Verify your connection before proceeding.
• A non-root sudo user or access to the root user. We recommend acting as a non-root sudo user, however, as you can harm your system if you’re not careful when acting as the root.

Install VNC Server on Ubuntu 22.04 LTS Jammy Jellyfish

Step 1. To begin, update your system packages to their latest versions by running the following commands in the terminal:

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade
sudo apt install wget apt-transport-https gnupg2

Step 2. Installing Desktop Environment.

While VNC can work with various desktop environments, it’s recommended to use a lightweight option to ensure optimal performance and responsiveness. Two popular choices are XFCE and MATE. For this tutorial, we will focus on installing the XFCE desktop environment.

sudo apt install xfce4 xfce4-goodies

During installation, You will see a prompt to select a display manager for your newly installed XFCE Desktop Environment:

Step 3. Installing the VNC server on Ubuntu 22.04.

By default, the VNC server is not available on the Ubuntu 22.04 base repository. Now run the following command below to install TigerVNC to your Ubuntu system:

sudo apt install tigervnc-standalone-server tigervnc-common tigervnc-tools

After that, run the vncserver the command to set a VNC access password, create the initial configuration files, and start a VNC server instance:

vncserver

Once upon set up the password, you will get a prompt to set a View-Only password. That means anybody who accesses the VNC server with a view-only password will not be able to VNC desktop with either a Mouse or Keyboard:

Would you like to enter a view-only password (y/n)? N
/usr/bin/xauth: file /home/idroot/.Xauthority does not exist

New 'idroot:1 (idroot)' desktop at :1 on machine idroot

Starting applications specified in /etc/X11/Xvnc-session
Log file is /home/idroot/.vnc/idroot:1.log

Use xtigervncviewer -SecurityTypes VncAuth -passwd /home/idroot/.vnc/passwd :1 to connect to the VNC server.

Note that if you ever want to change your password or add a view-only password, you can do so with the vncpasswd command:

vncpasswd

Step 4. Configure the VNC server.

First, stop the VNC server instance that is running on port 5901 with the following command:

vncserver -kill :1

Next, we need to edit the xstartup file:

mv ~/.vnc/xstartup ~/.vnc/xstartup.bak
nano ~/.vnc/xstartup

Add the following lines below:

#!/bin/sh

# Start up the standard system desktop
unset SESSION_MANAGER
unset DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS

/usr/bin/startxfce4

[ -x /etc/vnc/xstartup ] && exec /etc/vnc/xstartup
[ -r $HOME/.Xresources ] && xrdb $HOME/.Xresources
x-window-manager &

Save and close the file, then make this file executable:

chmod +x ~/.vnc/xstartup

Next, restart the VNC server:

vncserver -localhost no :1

Step 5. Set Up VNC as a System Service.

Running VNC as a system service provides several benefits, such as automatic startup on boot and easier management. To set up VNC as a service, create a new systemd unit file:

sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/vncserver@.service

In the unit file, add the following content:

[Unit]
Description=Start TightVNC server at startup
After=syslog.target network.target

[Service]
Type=forking
User=yourusername
PAMName=login
PIDFile=/home/yourusername/.vnc/%H:%i.pid
ExecStartPre=-/usr/bin/vncserver -kill :%i > /dev/null 2>&1
ExecStart=/usr/bin/vncserver -depth 24 -geometry 1280x800 :%i
ExecStop=/usr/bin/vncserver -kill :%i

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

Replace yourusername with your actual username and adjust the geometry option to set the desired screen resolution.

Save the file and reload the systemd configuration:

sudo systemctl daemon-reload

Enable the VNC service to start automatically on boot:

sudo systemctl enable vncserver@1.service

Start the VNC service:

sudo systemctl start vncserver@1.service

Step 6. Configure Firewall.

Next, open the required firewall ports for VNC communication. By default, VNC uses port 5900 for the first display (:0), 5901 for the second display (:1), and so on. To allow incoming VNC connections, run the following command:

sudo ufw allow 5900/tcp
sudo ufw allow 5901/tcp

Step 7. Connecting to your VNC Remote Desktop.

You’re probably familiar with your terminal if you are on Linux or macOS. Create an SSH connection on your local computer that securely forwards to the localhost connection for VNC:

ssh -L 59000:localhost:5901 -C -N -l server_user_name server_ip_address

To access the remote desktop on the VNC server from the Windows system, you must have a VNC viewer installed on your system. There are various VNC viewers available to use. Download anyone and install it on your system, for example:

• TightVNC
• RealVNC
• TigerVNC

Congratulations! You have successfully installed VNC. Thanks for using this tutorial for installing the VNC server on the Ubuntu 22.04 LTS Jammy Jellyfish system. For additional help or useful information, we recommend you check the official VNC website.