How To Install Moodle on Rocky Linux 9

In this tutorial, we will show you how to install Moodle on Rocky Linux 9. For those of you who didn’t know, Moodle is a free and open-source learning management system (LMS) used by educators and institutions around the world to create online learning environments. It is designed to be flexible and customizable, offering a range of tools for course creation, collaboration, assessment, and mobile support.

This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account, if not you may need to add ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root privileges. I will show you the step-by-step installation of Moodle online Learning Management System (LMS) on Rocky Linux. 9.

Prerequisites

• A server running one of the following operating systems: Rocky Linux 9.
• It’s recommended that you use a fresh OS install to prevent any potential issues.
• SSH access to the server (or just open Terminal if you’re on a desktop).
• An active internet connection. You’ll need an internet connection to download the necessary packages and dependencies for Moodle.
• A non-root sudo user or access to the root user. We recommend acting as a non-root sudo user, however, as you can harm your system if you’re not careful when acting as the root.

Install Moodle on Rocky Linux 9

Step 1. The first step is to update your system to the latest version of the package list. To do so, run the following commands:

sudo dnf check-update
sudo dnf install dnf-utils

Step 2. Installing Apache.

By default, Apache is available on the Rocky Linux 9 base repository. Now we install the latest version of Apache using dnf the command:

sudo dnf install httpd httpd-tools

You can start the httpd service and configure it to run on startup by entering the following commands:

sudo systemctl start httpd
sudo systemctl enable httpd
sudo systemctl status httpd

To make your pages available to the public, you will have to edit your firewall rules to allow HTTP and HTTPS requests on your web server by using the following commands:

sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-service=http 
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-service=https 
sudo firewall-cmd --reload

For additional resources on installing Apache, read the post below:

• How to install Apache on Rocky Linux √

Step 3. Installing PHP.

PHP is a popular scripting language that powers the dynamic content of millions of websites and apps. Now we run the commands below to install PHP:

sudo dnf epel-release
sudo dnf module enable php:remi-8.3

Once Remi PHP 8.3 module is enabled, you can now install PHP 8.3 and commonly used PHP extensions as follows:

sudo dnf install php php-cli php-fpm php-gd php-curl php-zip php-mbstring php-opcache php-intl php-mysqlnd

Check and verify the installed version:

php -v

For additional resources on installing PHP, read the post below:

• How to install PHP on Rocky Linux √

Step 4. Installing MariaDB.

By default, MariaDB is available on the Rocky Linux 9 base repository. Simply install the MariaDB package by using the dnf command:

sudo dnf install mariadb-server mariadb

After the installation is completed, start the service of the Database server and then enable the same, so that it could start itself automatically with the system reboot:

sudo systemctl restart mariadb
sudo systemctl status mariadb
sudo systemctl enable mariadb

By default, MariaDB is not hardened. You can secure MariaDB using the mysql_secure_installation script. you should read and below each step carefully which will set a root password, remove anonymous users, disallow remote root login, and remove the test database and access to secure MariaDB:

mysql_secure_installation

First, log into the MariaDB shell with the following command:

mysql

Now we create a database and user for Moodle with the following command:

MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE moodledb DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;
MariaDB [(none)]> create user 'moodleuser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Your-Str0ng-Passwd';
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT SELECT,INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE,CREATE,CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES,DROP,INDEX,ALTER ON moodledb.* TO 'moodleuser'@'localhost';
MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;
MariaDB [(none)]> exit;

For additional resources on installing MariaDB Database, read the post below:

• How to install MariaDB on Rocky Linux √

Step 5. Installing Moodle on Rocky Linux 9.

Now run the following command below to download the latest version of Moodle from the official page:

wget -c https://download.moodle.org/download.php/stable403/moodle-latest-403.tgz

Next, extract the downloaded file:

tar -xzvf moodle-latest-403.tgz 
mv moodle /var/www/html/

We will need to change some folders permissions:

chmod 770 -R /var/www/html/moodledata
chown apache:apache -R /var/www/html/moodledata

Step 6. Configure Moodle.

First, change into the previously extracted Moodle folder. For example:

cd /var/www/html/moodle/
cp config-dist.php config.php
nano config.php

Set the correct database type, correct database host, database name, database user, and the user’s password:

$CFG->dbtype    = 'mariadb';      // 'pgsql', 'mariadb', 'mysqli', 'auroramysql', 'sqlsrv' or 'oci'
$CFG->dblibrary = 'native';     // 'native' only at the moment
$CFG->dbhost    = 'localhost';  // eg 'localhost' or 'db.isp.com' or IP
$CFG->dbname    = 'moodledb';     // database name, eg moodle
$CFG->dbuser    = 'moodleuser';   // your database username
$CFG->dbpass    = 'Your-Str0ng-Passwd';   // your database password
$CFG->prefix    = 'mdl_';       // prefix to use for all table names

Also, set the URL used to access your Moodle site:

$CFG->wwwroot = 'https://learning.your-domain.com';
$CFG->sslproxy = 'https';
$CFG->dataroot = '/var/www/html/moodledata';

Step 6. Configure Apache for Moodle.

Now we configure the Moodle VirtualHost file using the following command below:

nano /etc/httpd/conf.d/moodle.conf

Add the following file:

<VirtualHost *:80>
     ServerName learning.your-domain.com
     ServerAlias www.learning.your-domain.com
     ServerAdmin admin@your-domain.com
     DocumentRoot /var/www/html/moodle/

     <Directory /var/www/html/moodle>
            Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
            AllowOverride All
            Require all granted
            RewriteEngine on
            RewriteBase /
            RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
            RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
            RewriteRule ^(.*)$ index.php?q=$1 [L,QSA]
    </Directory>
</VirtualHost>

Save and close the file, then restart the Apache service to apply the changes:

sudo systemctl restart httpd

Step 7. Securing Moodle,

Enabling HTTPS on Moodle on Rocky Linux is crucial for securing your data and ensuring that no unauthorized user can access your Moodle site. In this section, we will guide you through the steps required to enable HTTPS on your Moodle instance running on Rocky Linux.

The first step in enabling HTTPS is to install Certbot. Certbot is a free and open-source tool that automatically configures HTTPS on your server. To install Certbot on Rocky Linux, use the following command:

sudo dnf install certbot python3-certbot-apache

Once Certbot is installed, you can use it to generate an SSL certificate for your Moodle site. Use the following command to generate an SSL certificate:

sudo certbot --apache -d learning.your-domain.com

Step 8. Accessing Moodle Web Interface.

Once successfully installed, open your web browser and access Moodle using the URL https://learning.your-domain.com. You will be redirected to the following page:

Congratulations! You have successfully installed Moodle. Thanks for using this tutorial for installing Moodle Learning Platform or course management system (CMS) on your Rocky Linux 9 system. For additional help or useful information, we recommend you check the official Moodle website.