How To Install OpenStack on Ubuntu 24.04 LTS

OpenStack has revolutionized cloud computing by providing a robust, open-source platform for building private and public clouds. Ubuntu 24.04 LTS stands out as an exceptional foundation for OpenStack deployment, offering stability, security, and seamless integration with the latest OpenStack releases. This comprehensive guide walks you through multiple installation methods, ensuring you can deploy OpenStack successfully regardless of your technical background or infrastructure requirements.

The combination of OpenStack 2024.1 (Caracal) with Ubuntu 24.04 LTS delivers enterprise-grade cloud capabilities without the hefty licensing costs associated with proprietary solutions. Whether you’re a system administrator looking to build private cloud infrastructure, a developer testing cloud-native applications, or an organization seeking cost-effective virtualization alternatives, this guide provides the knowledge needed for successful OpenStack deployment.

Modern cloud computing demands flexibility, scalability, and reliability. OpenStack delivers these requirements while maintaining complete control over your infrastructure. From single-node testing environments to multi-node production deployments, the installation methods covered here accommodate various use cases and technical requirements. The step-by-step instructions, troubleshooting tips, and security best practices ensure your OpenStack installation remains stable, secure, and performant.

Prerequisites and System Requirements

Hardware Requirements

Before beginning your OpenStack installation journey, ensuring adequate hardware resources prevents performance bottlenecks and deployment failures. The minimum system specifications include a multi-core AMD64 processor with at least 4 cores, though 8 cores provide better performance for production workloads. Memory requirements start at 16 GiB RAM, but 32 GiB or more significantly improves virtual machine density and overall system responsiveness.

Storage considerations prove critical for OpenStack functionality. A minimum of 100 GiB SSD storage on the root filesystem ensures sufficient space for the operating system, OpenStack components, and initial virtual machine images. Additional storage devices enhance performance and provide dedicated space for virtual machine disks and object storage.

Network infrastructure requirements vary based on deployment complexity. Single-node installations function adequately with one network interface, while production environments benefit from multiple network interfaces for management, storage, and tenant traffic separation. Physical servers offer optimal performance, but virtual machines work excellently for development and testing scenarios.

Software Prerequisites

Ubuntu 24.04 LTS provides the ideal foundation for OpenStack deployment due to its long-term support lifecycle and optimized OpenStack packages. Begin with a fresh Ubuntu 24.04 LTS installation to avoid conflicts with existing software configurations. Ensure internet connectivity remains available throughout the installation process for downloading packages and dependencies.

Administrative access through sudo privileges becomes essential for system configuration and package installation. SSH access simplifies remote management and allows for automated deployment scripts. Keep the system updated with the latest security patches and package updates before proceeding with OpenStack installation.

Time synchronization plays a crucial role in OpenStack operations, particularly for authentication tokens and distributed services. Configure NTP or systemd-timesyncd to maintain accurate system time across all nodes. Proper hostname resolution and DNS configuration prevent authentication and service discovery issues.

Network Configuration Requirements

Network planning significantly impacts OpenStack deployment success and ongoing operations. Configure static IP addresses for management interfaces to ensure consistent connectivity during reboots and service restarts. Dynamic IP addressing through DHCP may cause connectivity issues in production environments.

For single-node deployments, one network interface suffices for basic functionality. However, production environments benefit from dedicated interfaces for different traffic types: management traffic, storage networks, and tenant networking. Plan IP address ranges carefully, reserving subnets for floating IPs, tenant networks, and service endpoints.

Gateway configuration affects external connectivity for virtual machines and service endpoints. Ensure proper routing tables and firewall rules allow necessary traffic while maintaining security boundaries. Consider VLAN tagging and network segmentation for enhanced security and performance isolation.

Understanding OpenStack Versions and Installation Methods

OpenStack Releases Available for Ubuntu 24.04 LTS

Ubuntu 24.04 LTS ships with OpenStack 2024.1 (Caracal) as the default version, providing a stable foundation for cloud deployments. This release includes significant improvements in container orchestration, enhanced security features, and improved integration with Kubernetes environments. The Caracal release emphasizes reliability and performance optimization, making it ideal for production workloads.

Advanced users can access newer OpenStack releases through Ubuntu Cloud Archive. OpenStack 2024.2 (Dalmatian) offers additional features and performance improvements while maintaining compatibility with Ubuntu 24.04 LTS. The Cloud Archive provides a pathway for accessing cutting-edge OpenStack features without upgrading the underlying operating system.

OpenStack 2025.1 (Epoxy) represents the latest development in cloud computing technology, available through Cloud Archive for organizations requiring the newest features. However, newer releases may introduce compatibility issues or stability concerns in production environments. Evaluate feature requirements against stability needs when selecting OpenStack versions.

Installation Method Comparison

Multiple installation approaches cater to different technical requirements and operational preferences. MicroStack and Sunbeam provide simplified deployment experiences, making OpenStack accessible to users with limited cloud computing experience. These methods prioritize ease of use over customization flexibility, delivering functional cloud environments quickly.

Kolla Ansible represents the gold standard for production OpenStack deployments, utilizing containerized services for enhanced reliability and maintainability. This approach requires deeper technical knowledge but delivers enterprise-grade deployments with high availability and scaling capabilities. Container-based architecture simplifies updates and provides better resource isolation.

Manual installation methods offer maximum customization and control over OpenStack components. Advanced users benefit from understanding individual service configurations and dependencies. However, manual installations require significant time investment and extensive OpenStack knowledge. DevStack serves development and testing purposes but lacks production-ready configurations.

Choosing the Right Method

Use case analysis determines the optimal installation approach for specific requirements. Development environments, proof-of-concept deployments, and learning scenarios benefit from MicroStack’s simplicity and rapid deployment capabilities. Small-scale production environments with limited customization requirements also suit MicroStack installations.

Large-scale production deployments, high-availability requirements, and complex networking scenarios necessitate Kolla Ansible installations. Organizations requiring integration with existing infrastructure management tools benefit from containerized approaches. Consider operational expertise and maintenance capabilities when selecting installation methods.

Budget constraints and resource limitations influence deployment decisions. MicroStack requires minimal hardware resources and simplifies ongoing maintenance. Kolla Ansible demands more substantial infrastructure investments but provides superior scalability and reliability. Evaluate long-term operational costs alongside initial deployment complexity.

Method 1: MicroStack Installation Using Sunbeam

Overview of MicroStack and Sunbeam

MicroStack revolutionizes OpenStack deployment by delivering a complete cloud platform through snap packages, eliminating complex configuration procedures and dependency management challenges. Sunbeam, the successor to classic MicroStack, provides enhanced automation and improved user experience while maintaining the simplicity that makes OpenStack accessible to broader audiences.

The snap package system ensures consistent installations across different Ubuntu configurations and hardware platforms. Automatic dependency resolution prevents common installation failures caused by missing packages or version conflicts. Sunbeam’s intelligent defaults reduce configuration complexity while maintaining flexibility for customization.

Single-node deployments through Sunbeam deliver fully functional OpenStack environments suitable for development, testing, and small-scale production workloads. The integrated approach combines compute, network, and storage services on a single machine, simplifying management while reducing infrastructure requirements.

Step 1: Install OpenStack via Snap

Begin the installation process by adding the OpenStack snap package with the appropriate channel selection:

sudo snap install openstack --channel 2024.1/candidate

The snap package system provides isolated, self-contained applications with automatic updates and rollback capabilities. Channel selection determines the OpenStack version and stability level. The 2024.1/candidate channel offers tested releases with recent features while maintaining reasonable stability.

Monitor the installation progress, as snap packages require downloading substantial components. Network bandwidth affects installation duration, typically ranging from 5-15 minutes depending on connection speed. Verify successful installation by checking snap package status:

snap list openstack

Handle potential conflicts with existing OpenStack client installations by temporarily removing or renaming conflicting packages. System-wide Python packages occasionally interfere with snap-based installations, requiring careful dependency management.

Step 2: Prepare the Node

Execute the node preparation script to configure system dependencies and user permissions:

sunbeam prepare-node-script --bootstrap | bash -x && newgrp snap_daemon

The preparation script installs essential dependencies, configures system services, and adjusts user group memberships for proper OpenStack operation. The --bootstrap flag enables automatic dependency installation without manual intervention. Verbose output through -x provides detailed information about configuration changes.

User group modifications require reloading group memberships through newgrp snap_daemon command. This step ensures proper permissions for accessing snap services and daemon communication. Session logout and login achieves the same result but disrupts ongoing terminal sessions.

Monitor script execution for error messages or warnings that might indicate configuration problems. Common issues include insufficient disk space, network connectivity problems, or conflicting system services. Address any reported issues before proceeding to cluster initialization.

Step 3: Bootstrap the Cloud

Initialize the OpenStack cluster with comprehensive service deployment:

sunbeam cluster bootstrap --accept-defaults --role control,compute,storage

Cluster bootstrapping configures all essential OpenStack services on the local node, including identity management (Keystone), compute services (Nova), networking (Neutron), and storage (Cinder). The process typically requires 10-20 minutes for completion, depending on system performance and network connectivity.

Role assignment through --role control,compute,storage designates the node for all OpenStack functions. Control roles manage API services and databases, compute roles handle virtual machine operations, and storage roles provide block and object storage capabilities. Single-node deployments require all three roles.

Accept default configurations to simplify initial deployment while maintaining options for post-installation customization. Default settings include reasonable resource allocations, network configurations, and service parameters suitable for most use cases. Monitor bootstrap progress through detailed logging output.

Step 4: Configure the Cloud

Complete cloud configuration with networking and credential setup:

sunbeam configure --accept-defaults --openrc demo-openrc

Cloud configuration establishes networking parameters, creates initial projects and users, and generates authentication credentials. The --openrc demo-openrc parameter creates a credential file for accessing OpenStack services through command-line tools. This file contains authentication endpoints, usernames, and project information.

Default configurations include pre-configured networks for virtual machine connectivity, security groups with reasonable access rules, and resource quotas suitable for development environments. Network configuration encompasses both provider networks for external connectivity and self-service networks for tenant isolation.

Verify configuration completion by examining the generated OpenRC file and testing basic authentication. Source the OpenRC file to establish authentication context for subsequent OpenStack commands:

source demo-openrc

Step 5: Launch Your First Instance

Create and launch a virtual machine to verify OpenStack functionality:

sunbeam launch ubuntu --name test

Instance launching demonstrates complete OpenStack functionality, including image management, networking configuration, and compute services. The Ubuntu image provides a familiar environment for testing basic cloud operations. Sunbeam automatically handles SSH key generation and network configuration for seamless access.

Monitor instance creation progress through OpenStack commands or the web dashboard. Instance boot time varies based on system performance and image size, typically completing within 2-5 minutes. Successful instance creation indicates proper OpenStack service integration and configuration.

Access the launched instance through SSH using automatically generated key pairs:

sunbeam exec test

This command provides direct terminal access to the virtual machine, allowing for application testing and network connectivity verification.

Verification and Dashboard Access

Access the OpenStack dashboard through a web browser for graphical management interface. Sunbeam provides dashboard access information during configuration, typically available at the node’s IP address on port 80 or 443. Login credentials correspond to the demo project created during configuration.

Verify OpenStack services through command-line tools and dashboard functionality. Test instance management, network connectivity, and storage operations to ensure complete functionality. Basic verification commands include:

openstack server list
openstack network list
openstack image list

Network connectivity testing validates both internal communication between virtual machines and external internet access. Create multiple instances and verify inter-instance communication through ping and SSH connections.

Method 2: Kolla Ansible Installation

Introduction to Kolla Ansible

Kolla Ansible delivers production-ready OpenStack deployments through containerized services, providing superior reliability, scalability, and maintenance capabilities compared to traditional package-based installations. Docker containers ensure consistent service environments while simplifying updates and rollback procedures.

Container orchestration through Ansible playbooks enables repeatable, automated deployments across multiple nodes. This approach reduces human error and ensures configuration consistency across complex deployments. Ansible’s declarative configuration management maintains desired system states automatically.

Production environments benefit from Kolla Ansible’s high-availability features, load balancing capabilities, and integrated monitoring solutions. The containerized architecture facilitates horizontal scaling and provides better resource isolation compared to traditional installations.

Prerequisites for Kolla Ansible

Enhanced hardware requirements for Kolla Ansible installations include dual network interfaces for optimal performance and security. Dedicate one interface for management traffic and another for OpenStack service communication and tenant networking. Network separation improves security and reduces bandwidth contention.

Docker installation provides the container runtime environment for OpenStack services. Install Docker from official repositories to ensure compatibility and security updates:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y docker.io docker-compose
sudo systemctl enable docker
sudo systemctl start docker

Create dedicated user accounts for OpenStack operations, commonly named kaosu or openstack. User isolation improves security and simplifies permission management:

sudo useradd -m -s /bin/bash kaosu
sudo usermod -aG docker,sudo kaosu

Establish directory structures for OpenStack configuration and data storage. Common practice involves creating /openstack directory with appropriate permissions and subdirectories for different components.

Network Configuration

Primary network interface configuration requires static IP addressing for consistent management connectivity. Configure the interface through netplan or traditional networking configuration files:

network:
  version: 2
  ethernets:
    enp0s3:
      dhcp4: false
      addresses:
        - 192.168.1.100/24
      gateway4: 192.168.1.1
      nameservers:
        addresses:
          - 8.8.8.8
          - 8.8.4.4

Secondary network interfaces handle OpenStack networking traffic, including tenant networks and external connectivity. Configure these interfaces without IP addresses, allowing OpenStack to manage addressing and VLAN tagging:

    enp0s8:
      dhcp4: false
      dhcp6: false

Reserve IP address ranges for floating IP pools and load balancer services. MetalLB configuration provides load balancing capabilities for service endpoints, requiring dedicated IP ranges within the network subnet.

Installation Steps

Hardware Enablement (Optional)

Install hardware enablement stack for improved device support and performance:

sudo apt-get install -y linux-generic-hwe-24.04
sudo reboot

Hardware enablement packages provide updated drivers and kernel features for newer hardware platforms. Reboot after installation to activate new kernel components.

Docker Installation and Configuration

Configure Docker daemon with appropriate logging and storage drivers:

sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json > /dev/null <

Add users to Docker group for non-root container management:

sudo usermod -aG docker $USER
newgrp docker

Kolla Ansible Deployment

Clone Kolla Ansible repository and install dependencies:

git clone https://opendev.org/openstack/kolla-ansible
cd kolla-ansible
sudo apt-get install -y python3-pip python3-venv
python3 -m venv venv
source venv/bin/activate
pip install -U pip
pip install ansible kolla-ansible

Configure Ansible inventory for single-node deployment:

cp ansible/inventory/all-in-one .

Generate configuration files and modify network parameters:

kolla-genpwd
kolla-ansible -i all-in-one bootstrap-servers
kolla-ansible -i all-in-one prechecks

Configuration Management

Edit /etc/kolla/globals.yml to customize deployment parameters:

openstack_release: "2024.1"
kolla_base_distro: "ubuntu"
network_interface: "enp0s3"
neutron_external_interface: "enp0s8"
enable_haproxy: "yes"
enable_cinder: "yes"
enable_cinder_backend_lvm: "yes"

Network interface mapping ensures proper traffic routing and isolation. Specify management interface for control plane communication and external interface for tenant networking and floating IP assignment.

Service configuration directory /etc/kolla/config/ contains component-specific settings. Create subdirectories for individual services requiring custom configuration parameters.

Deployment Verification

Execute deployment playbooks with proper error handling:

kolla-ansible -i all-in-one deploy

Monitor deployment progress through Ansible output and container status:

docker ps -a
kolla-ansible -i all-in-one post-deploy

Generate OpenStack credential files:

source /etc/kolla/admin-openrc.sh

Verify service endpoints and API connectivity:

openstack endpoint list
openstack service list

Post-Installation Configuration

OpenStack Dashboard (Horizon) Setup

Access the Horizon dashboard through a web browser using the configured management IP address. Default port 80 redirects to HTTPS port 443 for secure communication. Login credentials depend on the installation method, with Sunbeam creating demo accounts and Kolla Ansible using admin credentials.

Initial dashboard configuration includes setting up administrative users, creating projects (tenants), and configuring service quotas. Navigate through the Admin panel to review system-wide settings and resource allocations. Project-specific configurations handle user access, resource limits, and network policies.

Dashboard customization improves user experience through branding, color schemes, and feature availability. Modify Horizon configuration files to disable unnecessary features or add custom panels for organization-specific requirements.

Network Configuration

Provider network configuration establishes external connectivity for virtual machines and floating IP allocation. Create provider networks that map to physical network infrastructure:

openstack network create --share --external \
  --provider-physical-network physnet1 \
  --provider-network-type flat provider

Configure subnets within provider networks to define IP address ranges and gateway settings:

openstack subnet create --network provider \
  --allocation-pool start=192.168.1.200,end=192.168.1.220 \
  --dns-nameserver 8.8.8.8 --gateway 192.168.1.1 \
  --subnet-range 192.168.1.0/24 provider-subnet

Self-service networks enable tenant isolation and private networking within projects. Create routers to connect self-service networks with provider networks for external access.

Compute Configuration

Flavor creation defines virtual machine resource templates including CPU, memory, and disk allocations:

openstack flavor create --id 0 --vcpus 1 --ram 64 --disk 1 m1.nano
openstack flavor create --id 1 --vcpus 1 --ram 512 --disk 1 m1.tiny
openstack flavor create --id 2 --vcpus 1 --ram 2048 --disk 20 m1.small

Generate SSH key pairs for secure instance access:

openstack keypair create --public-key ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub mykey

Upload virtual machine images to the Image service (Glance):

wget http://download.cirros-cloud.net/0.6.2/cirros-0.6.2-x86_64-disk.img
openstack image create "cirros" \
  --file cirros-0.6.2-x86_64-disk.img \
  --disk-format qcow2 --container-format bare \
  --public

Configure instance quotas to prevent resource exhaustion and ensure fair allocation among projects and users.

Storage Configuration

Block Storage service (Cinder) configuration enables persistent storage volumes for virtual machines. Configure storage backends based on available hardware:

openstack volume type create --property volume_backend_name=lvm lvm

Create and attach volumes to running instances:

openstack volume create --size 10 --type lvm test-volume
openstack server add volume instance-name test-volume

Configure backup services for data protection and disaster recovery. Schedule regular snapshots and implement retention policies based on organizational requirements.

Identity and Access Management

Keystone service configuration handles authentication, authorization, and service discovery. Create additional projects for organizational units:

openstack project create --domain default --description "Development Project" development

Define user roles and assign appropriate permissions:

openstack user create --domain default --password password developer
openstack role add --project development --user developer _member_

Configure domain-specific settings for enterprise directory integration, including LDAP and Active Directory backends.

Verification and Testing

Service Status Verification

Comprehensive service verification ensures all OpenStack components function correctly. Check service endpoints and API responsiveness:

openstack endpoint list
openstack service list --long
openstack hypervisor list

Examine log files for error messages and service health indicators. Log locations vary by installation method:

• Sunbeam: journalctl -u snap.openstack.*
• Kolla Ansible: docker logs container-name

Database connectivity verification prevents authentication and data persistence issues:

openstack token issue
openstack user list
openstack project list

Functional Testing

Launch test instances to verify compute service functionality:

openstack server create --flavor m1.nano --image cirros \
  --nic net-id=network-id --security-group default \
  --key-name mykey test-instance

Network connectivity testing validates routing and security group configurations:

openstack floating ip create provider
openstack server add floating ip test-instance floating-ip
ping floating-ip-address
ssh cirros@floating-ip-address

Volume operations testing ensures storage service reliability:

openstack volume create --size 5 test-volume
openstack server add volume test-instance test-volume

Snapshot functionality verification protects against data loss:

openstack volume snapshot create --volume test-volume test-snapshot

Performance Benchmarking

Basic performance metrics establish baseline performance for capacity planning and optimization:

openstack limits show --absolute
openstack usage show

Network throughput testing identifies bandwidth limitations and optimization opportunities. Use iperf3 or similar tools between instances to measure internal network performance.

Storage I/O performance evaluation helps identify bottlenecks and storage configuration issues. Run disk benchmarks within instances to measure storage subsystem performance.

Monitor resource utilization through system monitoring tools and OpenStack telemetry services when available.

Dashboard Functionality

Web interface testing validates administrative and user functionality. Verify project creation, user management, and resource allocation through the dashboard interface.

API integration testing ensures programmatic access functions correctly. Test authentication token generation and service API calls through various OpenStack client tools.

User experience validation identifies interface issues and usability problems that might affect adoption and productivity.

Troubleshooting Common Issues

Installation Problems

Dependency conflicts commonly arise from mixing package sources or outdated system packages. Resolve conflicts by updating system packages and using consistent repository sources:

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get autoremove && sudo apt-get autoclean

Network configuration issues prevent service communication and external connectivity. Verify interface configurations, routing tables, and firewall rules:

ip addr show
ip route show
sudo iptables -L

Storage space limitations cause installation failures and service startup problems. Monitor disk usage and clean unnecessary files:

df -h
sudo du -sh /var/* | sort -rh
sudo apt-get autoclean

Permission problems prevent service access and configuration modifications. Verify user group memberships and file ownership:

groups $USER
ls -la /etc/kolla/
sudo chown -R user:group /path/to/files

Runtime Issues

Instance launch failures commonly result from resource exhaustion, network configuration errors, or image problems. Check resource availability and quotas:

openstack quota show
openstack hypervisor stats show
openstack flavor list

Authentication errors indicate Keystone service problems or credential issues. Verify service endpoints and credential files:

openstack catalog list
openstack token issue
source openrc-file

Network connectivity problems affect instance communication and external access. Examine security group rules, router configurations, and network agent status:

openstack security group list
openstack router list
openstack network agent list

Performance Issues

Memory and CPU optimization improves system responsiveness and instance density. Monitor resource usage and adjust allocations:

free -h
top
openstack hypervisor show hypervisor-name

Network bottleneck identification prevents performance degradation. Monitor interface utilization and consider additional network interfaces for high-traffic scenarios.

Storage performance tuning addresses I/O bottlenecks and improves application responsiveness. Consider SSD storage for better performance and evaluate different storage backends.

Service scaling accommodates growing resource demands. Plan horizontal scaling strategies and implement load balancing for high-availability deployments.

Recovery Procedures

Service restart procedures restore functionality after configuration changes or system errors:

# Sunbeam
sudo snap restart openstack
# Kolla Ansible
kolla-ansible -i inventory deploy --tags service-name

Configuration backup protects against data loss and simplifies disaster recovery:

# Backup OpenStack configuration
sudo tar czf openstack-config-backup.tar.gz /etc/kolla/
# Backup database
sudo docker exec mariadb mysqldump --all-databases > openstack-db-backup.sql

Log analysis identifies root causes of problems and guides troubleshooting efforts:

# Sunbeam logs
journalctl -u snap.openstack.* --since "1 hour ago"
# Kolla Ansible logs
docker logs --since 1h container-name

Best Practices and Security

Operational Best Practices

Regular system maintenance ensures security, stability, and performance. Establish update schedules for operating system packages, OpenStack components, and security patches:

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade
snap refresh openstack

Comprehensive backup strategies protect against data loss and enable disaster recovery. Backup both configuration data and persistent storage:

# Configuration backup
sudo tar czf /backup/openstack-config-$(date +%Y%m%d).tar.gz /etc/kolla/

# Database backup
docker exec mariadb mysqldump --all-databases | gzip > /backup/openstack-db-$(date +%Y%m%d).sql.gz

Monitoring and alerting systems provide early warning of performance degradation and service failures. Implement log aggregation, metric collection, and automated alerting for critical services.

Documentation and change management prevent configuration drift and simplify troubleshooting. Maintain configuration baselines and document all modifications with rationale and rollback procedures.

Security Hardening

Network security implementation protects against unauthorized access and data breaches. Configure firewalls to restrict unnecessary network access:

sudo ufw enable
sudo ufw allow 22/tcp
sudo ufw allow 80/tcp
sudo ufw allow 443/tcp

SSL/TLS certificate management ensures encrypted communication between services and clients. Implement proper certificate validation and rotation procedures:

# Generate self-signed certificates for testing
sudo openssl req -x509 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:2048 \
  -keyout /etc/ssl/private/openstack.key \
  -out /etc/ssl/certs/openstack.crt

Access control implementation restricts resource access based on user roles and project membership. Regular access reviews ensure appropriate permission levels.

Maintenance Procedures

Graceful service shutdowns prevent data corruption during system maintenance:

# Sunbeam
sudo snap stop openstack
# Kolla Ansible
kolla-ansible -i inventory stop

Update procedures minimize downtime while maintaining service availability. Plan maintenance windows and communicate changes to users.

Database maintenance optimizes performance and prevents storage issues:

docker exec mariadb mysqlcheck --all-databases --auto-repair --optimize

Log rotation prevents disk space exhaustion and improves log analysis performance:

sudo logrotate -f /etc/logrotate.d/openstack

Scaling Considerations

Multi-node deployment planning accommodates growth and provides high availability. Design network architecture with VLAN segregation and adequate bandwidth allocation.

Load balancing distributes service requests across multiple nodes for improved performance and reliability. Configure HAProxy or similar solutions for API endpoint load balancing.

Storage expansion strategies address growing data requirements. Plan for additional storage nodes and evaluate distributed storage solutions like Ceph.

Network architecture design enables seamless scaling without major reconfiguration. Implement leaf-spine topologies for large deployments and plan IP address allocation carefully.

Congratulations! You have successfully installed OpenStack. Thanks for using this tutorial for installing OpenStack on the Ubuntu 24.04 LTS system. For additional help or useful information, we recommend you check the official OpenStack website.